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Demographic changes in Nigeria are associated with divers outcomes. This ranges from
unemployment with figures ranging from 14 percent per annum for the entire population to
30 percent for the youth, coupled with stagnating economic performance. Ordinarily the
growth of population could be to the advantage of a country in terms of the sheer size of its
domestic market, better division of labour, and increased productivity through improvement
in the ratio of labour force to population etc but the story may not always be the same for
every economy. This study therefore investigated the extent to which demographic changes
in Nigeria impact on economic performance in the country, as well as the direction of
interaction between population changes and economic performance in Nigeria from 1970-
2016. To achieve this, the study adopted Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Autoregressive
Model (VAR) and found that fertility levels remain moderately high while the death rate
drops especially infant mortality, leading to a larger population in Nigeria. Following the
research findings, this study recommends that government should enact strict laws
prohibiting early sex and marriage among youths. This early engagement on sex and
marriage, the paper argued, will increase the mortality rate in Nigeria as a result of sexual
infection, unwanted pregnancy as well as reduction in economic performance of the country.
Also serious public enlightenment campaigns should be mounted by government agencies,
the mass media, radio, television, chiefs, churches, schools, mosques, home videos, etc. to send across the message that emphasizes the need and importance of family planning, healthy
and improved living conditions for the people through population control.
