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This study explores critical approaches to sacred texts, transcending traditional boundaries by examining the multifaceted layers of meaning, historical context, and cultural implications within revered writings across diverse cultures and religions. Rooted in religious doctrines, traditional approaches often fall short in
addressing broader cultural, historical, and ethical dimensions, necessitating a comprehensive guide incorporating critical methodologies. Drawing inspiration from influential scholars such as Smith, Said, and Frye, the study advocates for a critical lens that challenges assumptions, engages with socio-cultural contexts,
and considers the impact of colonial histories on interpreting sacred texts. As a case study, the Bhagavad Gita, a cornerstone of Hindu philosophy, is analyzed to address conflicting interpretations arising from theological, philosophical, and cultural perspectives. The study critically evaluates the influence of societal shifts, cultural norms, and historical contexts on the scripture's understanding. Ethical dimensions, particularly concerning caste, gender, and the justification of war, are examined in the context of evolving ethical standards and contemporary socio-cultural and geopolitical contexts. Objectives include uncovering multidimensional
interpretations, evaluating the impact of cultural and historical contexts, and assessing ethical implications and contemporary relevance. Research questions explore contributions of critical approaches, the influence of cultural and historical contexts on sacred texts, and ethical dimensions in their interpretations. Encompassing major world religions, the study's significance lies in bridging gaps in existing scholarship, fostering interfaith dialogue, addressing questions of morality and social justice, and serving as valuable educational resources. Using an interdisciplinary approach drawing from literary theory, philosophy, anthropology, and sociology, the analysis reveals narrative richness, symbolic motifs, and ethical implications within sacred texts. Integration of perspectives from historical-critical analysis, literary scrutiny, and comparative religion enriches the understanding of these texts.
