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It is a common knowledge that industrialization has long been considered the engine of
growth and the propeller of economic development. On the other hand, agriculture was
believed to be unresponsive to economic incentives and therefore did not apply itself to
technical change. As a result, policy makers believed that promoting industry at the
expense of agriculture would sacrifice little in output.At least, this was the conventional
wisdom in the 1970s and early 1980s. But this conventional wisdom had gone through
empirical verification, with no conclusive result yet. Again, by the late 1990s and early
2000s it became clear that agriculture was deeply influenced by some factors external to the
sector. These were industrial policies and exchange rates, which in turn affected
investment, growth and income in agriculture. Against this background, this conceptual
paper contributes to the literature by focusingon what African countries should do to
enhance agricultural outputs, food security and economic developmentwithinthecontinent.
The study therefore lays strong emphasis on the making the right use of the population,
addressing land use issues, formulating appropriate macroeconomic policies, adopting
advanced technology, improving natural resources management, investing in infrastructure,
investing in education and health, better functioning markets, improving food utilization
and enhancing rural investment climate. These are some of the policy options and strategies
that Africa can adopt to enhance her development through agricultural innovations.
